Proprietary Trading vs Physical Trading: 5 Key Differences to Know (2024)

In the financial markets, there are different types of trading. Each has their set of different functions and steps for investors to follow. There are two methods that stand out: proprietary trading and physical trading. We will be discussing both of them along with five key differences you need to know.


As a trader starting out, it’s always a good idea to know some of the terminology. Once you finish reading, you’ll be able to understand what stands out between proprietary and physical trading. Let’s begin.

1. The definition and concept

Proprietary trading pertains to stocks, bonds, commodities, or derivatives. Individuals and firms take part in this type of trading. They will use their own capital as opposed to money belonging to a client. The concept is for traders to make profit through these trades.


They will use several different tools like analysis, market insights, and their own expertise. Such trading can also include discretionary, high-frequency (HFT), and algorithmic trading. So how does it compare to physical trading?


Physical trading for the most part deals with commodities. It also pertains to commercial trading as well. So you’re purchasing or selling commodities or physical goods. These can include oil and natural gas, precious metals like gold and silver, or wheat (to name a few). These are tangible assets as opposed to financial instruments.

2. Risk and reward

The risk and reward profile is another aspect that sets proprietary and physical trading apart. Proprietary trading will involve higher risk levels because of the speculation of the financial market. Gains and losses can be significant due to the amount of leverage investors use.


Physical trading is less risky mostly due to the supply and demand of the commodities. Price fluctuations can still pose a challenge. Yet, the traders can employ different strategies to ensure they mitigate as much risk as possible. In terms of profit, you can get significant gains.


However, those gains won’t be as large compared to proprietary trading. Also, significant losses are also possible in physical trading. Therefore, it’s important to employ strategies like hedging to ensure your losses aren’t wiping out much of your portfolio.


You should also consider the idea of using stop-loss orders and purchasing reasonable position sizes. This will help you avoid any significant losses that may occur. As a rule of thumb, consider setting a stop loss price of 5 to 10 percent below the purchase price. It closes the position when it reaches that lower price point.

3. Regulatory oversight

Proprietary and physical trading are both subject to different sets of regulations. In the case of physical trading, they need to follow such regulations that pertain to environmental concerns, fair trade practices, and quality standards. To give you an example, this can include commodity inspection, licensing, certification, and taxation are all part of the regulatory processes of physical trading.


Meanwhile, proprietary trading will focus on mitigating risks and making sure the markets are stable. Meanwhile, they also prevent any activities that can have adverse effects on the financial system.


Going further in-depth, regulatory agencies will monitor trading activities. What they’re looking out for are things like insider trading, market manipulation, and other practices that are considered abusive and unethical. Proprietary trading firms need to follow these strict regulations which include registration, reporting, and compliance.


These regulations are outlined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK, and the European Securities and Markets Authority in the Eurozone countries (i.e - the European Union).

4. Market dynamics

Proprietary trading often occurs on trading platforms and exchanges that are electronic. Stocks, bonds, derivatives, and currencies are bought and sold around the clock. The markets in proprietary trading will be driven by various factors such as geopolitical events, economic indicators, earnings reports, and trading strategies.


Those who participate in these markets will utilize tools and analytics for the purpose of finding trading opportunities. At the same time, they work to optimize their trading strategies in real time.


Regarding physical trading, we’ve mentioned earlier that this pertains to buying and selling tangible goods or commodities. They are driven by factors such as weather conditions, supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical tensions, regulatory policies, and transportation costs among others. In a physical trading market, the transactions are much different.


This consists of negotiating deals, physical exchanges, and contracts. Buyers and sellers can interact directly with one another for the purpose of completing a transaction.


Either way, it’s important to consider performing your due diligence. You’ll want to keep watch of the news in regards to the commodities you’re focused on. For example, oil and gas commodities are typically on shaky ground due to geopolitical tensions in regions like the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

5. Profit generation models

Finally, let’s take a look at the profit generation models. They are both shaped by factors like market dynamics, underlying assets, and the operational strategies being used. Proprietary trading relies on capital appreciation, which allows traders to capitalize on short-term price movements, arbitrage opportunities, and inefficiencies in the market.


Physical traders will profit from a spread between the purchase and sale prices of an asset. They’ll also profit from different factors like efficient logistics, supply chain management, and economies of scale. To help enhance profit margins, traders can also take part in activities like the warehousing, transport, and processing aspects of the supply chain.

Let PermuTrade handle you trading needs - whatever they may be

Whether you pursue proprietary trading or physical trading, PermuTrade can handle any concerns you may have about it. We have a team of experts that have worked with clients regarding their financial goals - both as proprietary and physical traders. Whatever you decide, we’ll be able to provide you with the tools and resources you need.


Are you looking to trade with proprietary assets or physical ones? For more information, contact PermuTrade today and we’ll make sure we’ll address any questions or concerns you may have.

Proprietary Trading vs Physical Trading: 5 Key Differences to Know (2024)

FAQs

What is the difference between prop trading and physical trading? ›

Proprietary trading will involve higher risk levels because of the speculation of the financial market. Gains and losses can be significant due to the amount of leverage investors use. Physical trading is less risky mostly due to the supply and demand of the commodities. Price fluctuations can still pose a challenge.

How is prop trading different from normal trading? ›

Unlike traditional brokers who manage and safeguard their clients' capital, prop trading firms utilize their own capital for trading activities. This approach eliminates the need to handle customer deposits, simplifying the operational aspects of the business.

What is the difference between proprietary trading and market making? ›

We identify two types of traders: 1) speculators, sometimes referred to as proprietary traders, who earn money trying to anticipate the direction of future price movements; and 2) customer-based traders, usually called market makers, who earn money on the bid-ask spread without speculating on future prices.

What is the difference between a prop firm and a trading firm? ›

Prop firms specialize in trading strategies and financial instruments such as equities, commodities, or options. On the other hand, traditional trading pertains to traders who trade using their capital. These traders can be individuals operating from home or professionals working in institutions or hedge funds.

What is the difference between prop trading and client trading? ›

Hedge funds invest in the financial markets using their clients' money. They are paid to generate gains on these investments. Proprietary traders use their firm's own money to invest in the financial markets, and they retain 100% of the returns generated.

What is the difference between proprietary and principal trading? ›

Principal trading is considered to be less risky and more stable than proprietary trading, which can be exposed to substantial market risk. Regulatory oversight – proprietary trading is subject to much more regulatory scrutiny, due to the high risk being involved.

What is proprietary trading disadvantages? ›

Proprietary trading has many advantages, but it also has drawbacks. While these proprietary trading organisations become the only beneficiaries in the event of profits, they also bear the consequences of losses. They are the only operators; hence no other entity is responsible for bearing the cost of loss.

What is the difference between a prop trader and a retail trader? ›

Proprietary trading offers access to institutional resources and advanced strategies, but it comes with heightened risks and potential volatility. Retail trading, while more accessible, demands a disciplined approach, risk management, and a deep understanding of market dynamics.

What is the difference between day trading and prop trading? ›

Key Takeaways

Retail brokers provide day traders with margin accounts subject to certain margin requirements and securities regulations, whereas prop shops provide traders with leverage based on the risk capital deposited and the firm's policies.

What is the difference between prop trading and flow trading? ›

Most of the traders currently on Wall Street are Flow Traders. Prop trading doesn't involve clients, it's like working at the bank's internal hedge fund. All the other roles are client facing. How a client trades depends on the underlying asset class.

What is the difference between proprietary trading and quantitative trading? ›

Use different approaches

At a top level, prop trading is an approach where people use different strategies to make money. They are then compensated by a prop trading company. Quant trading, on the other hand, is an approach where a person uses various models to identify trading opportunities in the market.

What is the difference between prop trading and agency trading? ›

Definitions and Types of Traders

You might remember from the guide to fixed income trading that we defined 2 types of trading: agency trading, where you simply execute orders for the client, and prop trading, where you invest the firm's own money and make your own trading decisions.

What is the difference between prop trader and execution trader? ›

Prop trader usually refers to a making a strategic trading decision that is different from the market consensus. Execution trader usually refers to the trading section separated from the strategic decision making.

How does proprietary trading work? ›

Proprietary trading, commonly referred to as prop trading, involves financial firms, especially those specializing in securities, equities, derivatives, forex, and the futures markets, trading their own money for direct profit, rather than earning commission by trading on behalf of clients.

What are the benefits of prop trading firm? ›

Firstly, prop trading firms provide access to substantial capital that traders can utilize to amplify their trading positions and potential profits. This access to leverage allows traders to take advantage of market opportunities that they might not have been able to access with their own funds.

Are prop traders considered professional? ›

If you want to be an active trader in individual stocks, you really only have two general paths: Become a professional trader (prop trader) or trade in a retail account.

What is physical trading? ›

A Physical Trader (firm or individual) buys and sells commodities delivering physically from producers, to consumer or processors. A trader may also engage in storing, blending or refining commodities to meet customer specifications and maximize their profit.

Is prop trading worth it? ›

While prop trading is one of the most profitable opportunities, it is affected by asymmetric risk. This means that the profit-sharing ratio may be from 75% to 90%, but you bear 100% of the risk of your trades. When becoming a prop trader, you often need to deposit an amount of money known as your risk contribution.

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